Nicotine pouches are a modern, smoke-free alternative to traditional tobacco products. These small pouches offer a convenient and discreet way to consume nicotine without the harmful effects of smoking. Understanding how they work can help users make informed decisions about their nicotine consumption.

Composition and Design

Nicotine pouches are small, fibre-filled sachets containing nicotine, flavourings, sweeteners, and plant-based materials. They are designed to fit comfortably between the lip and gum, allowing the nicotine to be absorbed through the mucous membranes in the mouth. Unlike traditional tobacco products, nicotine pouches do not contain tobacco leaf, making them a cleaner and often safer alternative​ ​​ ​.

Mechanism of Action

1. Placement in the Mouth:

To use a nicotine pouch, you place it between your upper lip and gum. This placement ensures close contact with the mucous membranes, facilitating the absorption of nicotine into the bloodstream.

2. Absorption:

Once the pouch is in place, saliva moistens the contents, releasing nicotine. The nicotine is absorbed through the mucous membranes in the mouth directly into the bloodstream. This method of absorption bypasses the respiratory system, unlike smoking or vaping, which delivers nicotine through the lungs​ ​​ ​.

3. Nicotine Release:

The amount of nicotine released and the speed of absorption can vary based on the pouch’s nicotine strength and the user's saliva production. Typically, the effects of the nicotine pouch are felt within minutes, and the sensation can last for up to an hour.

4. Discretion and Convenience:

Nicotine pouches are discreet. They do not produce smoke or odour, making them suitable for use in places where smoking is prohibited. They are also small and easy to carry, adding to their convenience.

Benefits of Nicotine Pouches

1. Healthier Alternative to Smoking:

Since nicotine pouches do not involve combustion, they eliminate the inhalation of tar and other harmful chemicals found in cigarette smoke. This significantly reduces the risk of respiratory diseases and certain cancers associated with smoking​ ​.

2. No Second-hand Smoke:

Using nicotine pouches does not produce second-hand smoke, protecting those around the user from passive smoking risks. This makes them a considerate option in public spaces and around non-smokers​ ​.

3. Oral Health Considerations:

While nicotine itself can have adverse effects on oral health, nicotine pouches do not cause the staining and bad breath commonly associated with smoking. They also avoid the gum damage linked to chewing tobacco​ ​.

4. Convenience:

Nicotine pouches are easy to use. There is no need for lighters or chargers, as with cigarettes or e-cigarettes. The pouches are also discreet and can be used without drawing attention, making them suitable for various social settings.

Potential Risks and Considerations

1. Nicotine Addiction:

Nicotine is an addictive substance. While nicotine pouches provide a cleaner way to consume nicotine, they do not eliminate the risk of addiction. Users should be aware of their nicotine intake and use pouches responsibly to avoid dependency​ ​​ ​.

2. Oral Health Issues:

Despite being less harmful than smoking, nicotine pouches can still cause gum irritation and other oral health issues if used excessively. Users may experience a tingling or burning sensation in the gums, especially when first using the product.

3. Not Suitable for Everyone:

Nicotine pouches are not recommended for non-smokers, pregnant women, or individuals with heart conditions. The addictive nature of nicotine makes it crucial for these groups to avoid such products. Consulting a healthcare professional before starting to use nicotine pouches is advisable​ ​.

Regulatory and Safety Aspects

In Australia, nicotine pouches are regulated under the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) guidelines. The TGA classifies nicotine as a Schedule 4 prescription-only medicine, meaning that nicotine pouches can only be legally accessed with a prescription. This regulation ensures that consumers are protected by strict quality and safety standards and helps to prevent the misuse and potential health risks associated with unsupervised nicotine consumption. Additionally, the TGA monitors and evaluates the safety and efficacy of these products, requiring that any adverse effects be reported and investigated​ ​​ ​.

Conclusion

Nicotine pouches offer a modern, discreet, and relatively safer alternative to traditional tobacco products. By understanding how they work and being aware of their benefits and risks, users can make informed choices about their nicotine consumption. Always use nicotine products responsibly and consult healthcare professionals if you have any concerns about their use.

References

Nature. (2023, October 27). Nicotine pouches: A review for the dental team. Evidence-Based Dentistry. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41415-023-6383-7

Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). (n.d.). Nicotine pouches. Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. Retrieved from https://www.tga.gov.au/products/unapproved-therapeutic-goods/vaping-hub/nicotine-pouches

University of Sydney. (2024, February 27). Nicotine pouches are being marketed to young people - but are they safe? University of Sydney News. Retrieved from https://www.sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2024/02/27/nicotine-pouches-are-being-marketed-to-young-people-but-are-they.html

University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Nicotine pouches: Are they safer than chewing, smoking, or vaping? Health News. Retrieved from https://health.unl.edu/nicotine-pouches-are-they-safer-chewing-smoking-or-vaping

Insight Queensland. What are nicotine pouches? Insight. Retrieved from https://insight.qld.edu.au/news/what-are-nicotine-pouches